Vietnamese makers mix English and Vietnamese all the time: the slicer setting is called infill, but the defect is cong vênh. When you order a print, read a forum thread or follow a tutorial, it helps to know both names. This glossary groups about 50 terms by topic. Each row gives the English term, the Vietnamese term people actually use (often the English word itself), and a one-line meaning.
Process and files
For the background, see 3D printing for beginners: FDM vs resin and preparing a 3D model for printing.
| English | Tiếng Việt | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Additive manufacturing | Sản xuất bồi đắp | Building a part by adding material layer by layer, instead of cutting material away. |
| FDM / FFF | In FDM, in đùn nhựa nóng chảy | Melting plastic filament and drawing each layer with a moving nozzle. |
| Resin printing (SLA, MSLA) | In resin, in nhựa lỏng | Curing liquid photopolymer layer by layer with UV light; MSLA uses an LCD screen as the mask. |
| STL | File STL | The most common model format: a surface made of triangles, with no units or colour stored. |
| 3MF | File 3MF | A newer format that keeps units, colours and print settings with the model. |
| G-code | G-code | The instructions the printer runs: move here, extrude this much, heat to this temperature. |
| Slicer | Slicer, phần mềm cắt lớp | Software that turns a model into layers and G-code using your settings. |
Machine parts
| English | Tiếng Việt | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Nozzle | Nozzle, đầu phun, béc | The small metal tip the melted plastic comes out of; 0.4 mm is the standard size. |
| Hotend | Hotend, cụm đầu nóng | Heater, temperature sensor and nozzle together: the part that melts the filament. |
| Extruder | Extruder, bộ đùn | Gears that grip the filament and push it into the hotend. |
| Direct drive | Direct drive | Extruder mounted right on the print head; handles flexible filament like TPU better. |
| Heated bed | Bàn nhiệt | Heated build platform that helps the first layer stick and reduces warping. |
| Build plate / build surface | Bàn in, mặt bàn in | The surface the print sits on, such as a PEI sheet, glass or a textured plate. |
| Part cooling fan | Quạt làm mát | Fan that cools each layer just after it is laid down; essential for PLA overhangs. |
| Resin vat | Khay resin | The tank holding liquid resin above the screen in a resin printer. |
| FEP film | Màng FEP | Clear non-stick film at the bottom of the vat; each cured layer peels away from it. |
Slicer settings
More detail in layer height explained, infill and walls and supports, overhangs and orientation.
| English | Tiếng Việt | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Layer height | Layer height, độ dày lớp | Thickness of each layer; typically 0.1 mm for fine detail, 0.2 mm standard, 0.3 mm for speed. |
| First layer | Lớp đầu tiên | The layer on the bed, usually printed slower and a bit thicker so it sticks. |
| Walls / perimeters | Walls, perimeters, thành | The outline loops of each layer; 2–3 walls carry most of a part's strength. |
| Infill | Infill, độ đặc bên trong | The internal pattern filling the inside; 15–20 % is typical for everyday parts. |
| Overhang | Overhang, phần nhô | Geometry that leans out over empty space; up to about 45° usually prints without support. |
| Bridge | Bridge, cầu nối | A horizontal span printed in mid-air between two supported points. |
| Support | Support, giá đỡ | Temporary structure printed under overhangs and removed afterwards. |
| Tree support | Tree support, support dạng cây | Branching supports that touch the model at fewer points and come off more cleanly. |
| Brim | Brim, viền bám | Extra flat loops around the first layer to improve adhesion and resist warping. |
| Retraction | Retraction, rút nhựa | Pulling the filament back slightly before travel moves to reduce stringing. |
Materials
The material guide compares these in depth.
| English | Tiếng Việt | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Filament | Filament, sợi nhựa | Plastic wire on a spool, usually 1.75 mm in diameter, fed into an FDM printer. |
| PLA | PLA | Easy, low-odour, rigid plastic; starts to soften at around 55–60 °C. |
| PETG | PETG | Tougher and more heat-resistant than PLA; good for functional parts, prone to stringing. |
| ABS | ABS | Tough and heat-resistant; warps and smells while printing, works best in an enclosure. |
| TPU | TPU, nhựa dẻo | Flexible, rubber-like filament for straps, gaskets and bumpers. |
| Resin (photopolymer) | Resin, nhựa lỏng | Liquid that hardens under UV light; very fine detail, more brittle than most filaments. |
| Glass transition temperature (Tg) | Nhiệt độ chuyển thủy tinh | The temperature at which a plastic starts to soften and lose its shape. |
| Hygroscopic | Hút ẩm | Absorbs moisture from the air; wet filament prints badly, which matters in humid climates. |
Defects
Causes and fixes are in common 3D print defects and how to fix them.
| English | Tiếng Việt | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Warping | Cong vênh | Corners lift off the bed as the plastic cools and shrinks. |
| Stringing | Stringing, kéo tơ | Thin hairs of plastic left between separate parts of the print. |
| Elephant's foot | Chân voi | The bottom layers bulge outward because the first layer is squashed too much. |
| Layer shift | Lệch lớp | Layers suddenly offset sideways, usually from loose belts, a collision or skipped steps. |
| Under-extrusion | Thiếu nhựa | Not enough plastic: gaps, thin walls and weak parts. |
| Layer separation | Tách lớp | Layers split apart, usually from printing too cold or with too much cooling. |
| Suction cup effect | Hiệu ứng giác hút | In resin printing, a hollow cup shape forms a vacuum against the film and fails; drain holes fix it. |
Post-processing
Step-by-step methods are in the post-processing guide and the resin safety guide.
| English | Tiếng Việt | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Support removal | Gỡ support | Cutting and peeling supports away; usually leaves marks to sand. |
| Sanding | Chà nhám | Smoothing with sandpaper from coarse to fine, for example 120 grit up to 400 and beyond. |
| Filler primer | Sơn lót trám | Thick primer that fills layer lines before painting. |
| IPA wash | Rửa IPA | Washing uncured resin off a print with isopropyl alcohol. |
| UV curing | Chiếu UV | Final hardening of a washed resin print under UV light. |
| Acetone vapour smoothing | Làm mịn bằng hơi acetone | Melting the surface of ABS with acetone vapour; needs good ventilation and no flames nearby. |
| Heat-set insert | Heat-set insert, ốc cấy nhiệt | A threaded brass insert pressed in with a soldering iron for strong, reusable screw threads. |
A few notes on usage
- Béc is common workshop slang for the nozzle, borrowed from French.
- Decimal marks differ. Vietnamese writes 0,2 mm where English writes 0.2 mm. When you send print specs, either is fine, but be consistent so 0,2 is not read as 2.
Need it printed?
You can write to us in English or Vietnamese, using whichever terms you know. Share your file via Google Drive with lab@lightning-studio.org and tell us the size, material, colour and layer height, or see the Lab page for what we print.
Cover photo: 3D printer nozzle extruding plastic (15425519178) by David Elliott from UK, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons (cropped).
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